Acorus calamus is found all over europe, russia, china, japan, australia, india, the middle east, and north america. Chemical composition of root essential oil of acorus. Acorus calamus araceae, commonly, known as sweet flag is a. According to khare, 2004 3 the good olden medicinal ghee or the nervine tonic contains acorus calamus, baccopa moneira and alpinia speciosa. The rhizomes are used for treatment of neurasthenia, chronic bronchitis, diarrhea, abdominal distention, chills, colds, externally for abscesses. It was brought to europe by tatars in the middle of the 16th century as they used it to clean their drinking water, and later it spread mainly as a medicinal herb, for which it has one of the best reputations all over the world.
Acorus calamus commonly called sweet flag is a deciduous, spreading, marginal aquatic perennial that features irislike, swordshaped leaf blades to 34 wide typically growing in basal clumps to 30 tall. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Acorus calamus also called sweet flag or calamus, among many common names is a tall perennial wetland monocot of the acoraceae family, in the genus acorus. It is an integral part of the traditional indian and chinese systems of medicine and has a long history of use wu et al. Plant products are used as main source of medicine throughout the world. In the vedic periods it was used as a rejuvenator of the brain and nervous system. The leaves are strongly scented rhizomes and have been traditionally used since centuries. The scented leaves and more strongly scented rhizomes have traditionally been used medicinally and to make fragrances, and the dried and.
Rhizomes propagate easily, and the species has spread throughout northeast and central united states. In addition, it has a long history of use as an aphrodisiac, and is still used for amorous purposes in modernday egypt. Some caution is advised, see the notes above on toxicity. The acorus calamus has a number of health benefits that can be attributed to the makeup of the plant. Despite safety concerns, calamus is commonly used by mouth for different stomach problems, including ulcers. The scented leaves and rhizomes of sweet flag have been traditionally used as a medicine and the dried and powdered rhizome has a. Pdf acorus calamus sweet flag is a wetland perennial monocot plant, in which the scented leaves. It is in flower from may to july, and the seeds ripen from july to august. Health benefits of acorus calamus essential oil hb times. Sweet flag has a very long history of medicinal use in many herbal traditions.
Acorus calamus, commonly known as sweet flag, is a seasoning and herb traditionally used in ayurveda and traditional chinese medicine for its cognitiveenhancing properties preclinical studies suggested that acorus calamus supplementation had potential for treating neuropathic pain unfortunately, supplementation of acorus calamus is not practical. Medicinal action and usescalamus was formerly much esteemed as an aromatic stimulant and mild tonic. Although the preparation of this species and the ailments it treats vary somewhat among the tribes, rhizomes are the most commonly used part. It has many traditional uses all over the world and is wellknown as a digestive and carminative. Uses, side effects, interactions, dosage, and warning. Ac has been used as traditional chinese and indian prescriptions for its beneficial effects on memory disorder, learning performance, lipid peroxide content, and antiaging and anticholinergic activity. Pdf acorus calamus is a herb used for the appetite and as an aid to the digestion. Due to its medicinal uses, the rhizome of sweet flag is in high.
Acrous calamus americanus root extract shamans garden. Acorus calamus is a tall perennial plant belonging to the acorus genus. Some studies also suggest that the herb has ability to treat neuropathic pain. An overview on traditional uses and pharmacological profile of acorus calamus linn. The aim of the present article is different uses of acorus calamus in cns disorders.
A brief search of any of the literature databases pubmed. This page was last edited on 22 november 2014, at 06. The herbs rhizome, which has a fragrance of lemon or mandarin, is distilled into an aromatic oil which was valued for its ability to heal. The seeds also are dispersed by water along streams or river margins. It is a tall perennial wetland monocot with scented leaves and more strongly scented rhizomes, which have been used medicinally, for its. The rhizomes contain oil which has many medicinal uses. The basic mechanism behind the plant revolves around the interaction of the gabaa receptors. Acorus calamus is a sacred plant been held in high esteem by north american indians for hundreds of years, its been used ritualistically in ancient china, its revered in ayurvedic medicine systems to this day, south american indigenous cultures use it to this day in a similar way that coca leaves were used, and it is deeply rooted in. Acorus calamus root and oil health benefits, uses, effects. These plants are sometimes mistakenly referred to as sedges or rushes. Calamus acorus calamus var americanus potted plant. This plant is being practiced traditionally in the indian ayurvedic. We are still open for nursery plant sales, and look forward to your live root and plant orders. Usda nrcs rose lake plant materials center alternate names calamus uses cultural primarily, sweet flag is or was known by the american indian tribes and early settlers for its medicinal value.
Bach is a popular medicinal plant used in several ayurvedic formulations in india. Li bai and meng jiao, two famous poets in tang dynasty, ever wrote poems to praise its extensive medicinal uses, in particular in prolonging life and staying young. It originated in europe but extensively used in ayurveda, particularly to enhance memory. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Moreover, pharmacological studies have revealed that acorus rhizome and its constituents, particularly a and. In studies with isolated guinea pig trachea and atria, a crude extract of a. An illustrated flora of the northern united states, canada and the british possessions. In addition, alternative sweeteners offer another benefit in maintaining good dental health. Acorus gramineus shi chang pu chinese herbs healing. Acorus calamus, commonly known as sweet flag or calamus sanskrit. Dec 29, 2015 acorus calamus medicinal uses and pictures. Acorus calamus is a perennial growing to 1 m 3ft 3in by 1 m 3ft 3in at a medium rate. Calamus, also referred to as sweet sedge or sweet flag, is a reedlike plant that grows near water.
The aim of the study was to evaluate analgesic and cytotoxic activity of acorus calamus l. Chemical composition of root essential oil of acorus calamus. The rhizome of acorus calamus are used traditionally for treatment of emetic, stomachic, dyspepsia, colic, remittent fevers, nerve tonic, in bronchitis, dysentery in children, insectifying and in. Acorus calamus var americanus vicki fisher june 6, 2018 i have a bog and a shallow one at that to be safe i bring some calamus in with my other tropical plants during the winter. A fluid extract is an official preparation in the united states and some other pharmacopceias, but it is not. Remnants of the plant were said to be found in the tomb of tutankhamen.
Review acorus article calamus linn a herbal tonic for. Acorus calamus sweet flag calamus pfaf plant database. Although native to europe, it was introduced into north america by settlers in the 1600s, and has naturalized over time throughout. Feb 15, 2014 an overview on traditional uses and pharmacological profile of acorus calamus linn. Phytochemicals of acorus calamus sweet flag journal of.
Cultivation and uses of stevia stevia rebaudiana bertoni. Calamus comes from the greek word calamos which translates to a reed. Acorus calamus is an herb that is used in ancient ayurvedic and chinese medicine and is known to enhance the cognitive abilities of a human being. The rhizome and leaf essential oil compositions of acorus calamus l. Calamus comes from the greek word calamos which translates to. Dioscorides, the classic greek practitioner of medicine used the smoke of the plant breathed through a. Acorus calamus also known as sweet flag is a perennial wetland monocot. Acorus calamus or sweet flag calamus as it is also known as is a perennial herb belonging to the acoraceae family. Although used in traditional medicine over centuries to treat digestive disorders and pain, there is no clinical evidence for its safety or efficacy and ingested. Aerial part of acorus calamus swelling and for constipation. It is creeping and branched with cylindrical rhizome. Acorus calamus sweet flag, andor its bioactive phytochemical alpha. It has many traditional uses all over the world and is.
The use of traditional medicine in both developing and. The sweetness and bitterness of sweet flag acorus calamus l. Rhizomes are collected by women and children during late november to february. An overview on traditional uses and pharmacological. In particular, the sterile triploid acorus calamus has been dispersed by this means. Stevia has been introduced to the kenyan market as one of the cash crops for agrobased industry. Acorus calamus, a sterile triploid, was introduced to north america by early european settlers, who grew it for medicinal uses. Medicinal action and uses calamus was formerly much esteemed as an aromatic stimulant and mild tonic. Structures of various chemical constituents of acorus calamus protection. Susruta 600bc acorus calamus is a drug for epilepsy, promote intellect in children, memory and used to boost up the activities of brain in the form of brain tonic. Analgesic and cytotoxic activity of acorus calamus l. Araceae have been investigated in detail from various parts of the world, but the root oil composition has rarely been investigated. Acorus calamus l medicinal uses medicinal plants archive.
Taking cue from physical and economic scarcity farmers in karnataka have planned for the. Jul 18, 2016 the plant is known as bach, calamus oil, golomi, sweet flag, ugragandha, vacha, and vekhanda but is different than acorus gramineus, which is known as japanese or dwarf sweet flag. Haimavati, vacha, and various rushes and sedges,is a plant from the acoraceae family, in the genus acorus. Calamus oil is used in perfumery an alcoholate is made with 3 kilos to 3. In spite of common names that include the words rush and sedge, it is neither a rush nor sedge. Unfortunately, supplementation of acorus calamus is not. Calamus uses cultural primarily, sweet flag is or was known by the american indian tribes and early settlers for its medicinal value. In present study, the root essential oil composition of a.
The article of the state pharmacopoeia ussr xi edition of rhizomata calami is still working normative documents for this. Acorus calamus also called sweet flag or calamus, among many common names is a species of flowering plant, a tall wetland monocot of the family acoraceae, in the genus acorus. Due to its growing medicinal use, it is being rapidly extracted from wild. Preclinical studies suggested that acorus calamus supplementation had potential for treating neuropathic pain. Among the many, they would eat the roots in 1inch sections as a general tonic and in 2inch sections when on hunts. The benefits and side effects of calamus acorus calamus. The rhizomes of acorus calamus are widely used medicinal herbs mh. Acorus calamus is considered in this treatment as a variable species, and infraspecific taxa are not recognized because there is an. It is a tall perennial wetland monocot with scented leaves and more strongly scented rhizomes, which have been used medicinally, for its odor, and as an allegedly psychotropic drug.
Pdf acorus calamus is monocot plant of immense medicinal potential. An overview article pdf available in journal of medicinal plant research 425 december 2010 with 8,311 reads how we measure reads. An overview on various properties and pharmacological studies. Although the preparation of this species and the ailments it treats vary somewhat.
Three important chemical constituents of acorus calamus. An overview on traditional uses and pharmacological profile. Due to its medicinal uses, the rhizome of sweet flag is in high demand and thus overexploited. Wildlife sweet flag provides habitat for waterfowl. Sweetness and bitterness of sweet flag acorus calamus. The leaves and rhizomes of these wetland monocot plants have a strong fragrance.
It is widely employed in modern herbal medicine as an aromatic stimulant and mild tonic. Medicinal uses in central asia, acorus calamus has been used as a medicine for over two thousand years being a traditional folk cure for everything from arthritis to nervousness. Distribution area rhizomes of acorus calamus information regarding the chemical constituents and ethnomedicinal uses of acorus calamus, thus will help to the researchers and scientists to take action for future study in this displine. The species is hermaphrodite has both male and female organs and is pollinated by insects. The medicinal properties of acorus gramineus, or known as sweet flag or shi chang pu in pinyin, have amazed the herbalists since a long time ago. The rhizome of the plant is used for its medicinal purposes and as an ingredient in perfumes due to its strong scent. Acorus calamus is a reedlike, aquatic plant with a pungent smell that has been used medicinally since biblical times.
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